8/19 Thursday - What are the gut microbiota and human microbiome?

Taken from: Medically reviewed by Saurabh Sethi, M.D., MPH — Written by Markus MacGill 

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The human body is host to trillions of microbes or bacteria. Some of these are useful, and some are harmful.


For more research-backed information about the microbiome and how it affects your health, please visit our dedicated hub.

Some scientists have estimated that there are 10 times more microbial cells in the body than there are human cells, while others say that the ratio may be closer to 1:1.


Recent scientific advances in genetics mean that humans know a lot more about the microbes in the body.


Many countries have invested a lot in researching the interactions within the human body’s ecosystem and their relevance to health and disease.


The two terms microbiota and microbiome are often used to mean the same thing and are used interchangeably. This article will explain the differences between them and how both are being used and research in modern medicine.


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Fast facts on the gut microbiota

  • The human microbiota is made up of trillions of cells, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

  • The biggest populations of microbes reside in the gut. Other popular habitats include the skin and genitals.

  • The microbial cells and their genetic material, the microbiome, live with humans from birth. This relationship is vital to normal health.

  • The microorganisms living inside the gastrointestinal tract amount to around 4 pounds of biomass. Every individual has a unique mix of species.

  • The microbiota is important for nutrition, immunity, and its effects on the brain and behavior. It is implicated in a number of diseases that cause a disturbance in the normal balance of microbes.



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